First Edition: Aug. 23, 2023
Celebrating Eight New Orleans Music Icons Over 80
Each year, Gambit takes some time to salute young New Orleanians doing great work in our city through our 40 Under 40 list. It's our chance to recognize the next generation pushing our community forward.
But they're only one part of the New Orleans story. And many honorees over the years have readily admitted they stand on the shoulders of giants who have come before them.
So Gambit is starting a new series recognizing New Orleans icons who have helped shape (and continue to shape) our city over long careers of work. This year, we start with music greats: Eight singers and musicians over 80 years old who helped develop the diverse sounds of the city, from jazz and rhythm and blues to Mardi Gras Indian funk and brass band music.
We hope the short profiles below not only serve to honor the momentous work of eight key players on the New Orleans scene but also help readers better understand the city we call home and the greats that have inspired us.
Little Freddie King plays with his blues band during the 2023 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.
Photo by Sophia Germer / The Times-Picayune Little Freddie King, 83King of the gutbucket blues
Little Freddie King photographed in 1971
Photo provided by Made Wright RecordsLittle Freddie King hopped a freight train from McComb, Mississippi, to New Orleans when he was 14 and has lived enough for nine lives in the city he's called home since.
"I have certainly paid my dues," King says. "Over the past 83 years, I have survived three shootings, stabbings, a near fatal bike accident that pressed against my spine, a stomach ulcer doctors believed would kill me, an accidental electrocution while fixing my TV set, the hurricane that ripped New Orleans apart in 2005, and recently a pandemic."
A singer and guitarist — and one of the last of a generation of great Southern bluesmen — King cut his teeth at clubs like the Dew Drop Inn, Irene's on Jackson Avenue and the Busy Bee, a bar he called the "Bucket of Blood." Today, King can be seen regularly at local festivals and bars and clubs like d.B.A. And BJ's Lounge, his go-to haunt. And last year, he released his latest album, "Blues Medicine," a title King picked to spread the good word about the music's cure-all properties.
"The secret to longevity is having very good doctors on standby for da King," he says. "Giving up drinking at the age of 40 and cutting back on smoking my cigs to half a cig a day. In addition, riding my two-wheel Cadillac every day to keep the old heart pumping. Main thing, praying to the good Lord and thank him for keeping me going."
What is needed for a happy life?
"For Dr. Bones to be 'happy,' I just need my ride to the Dollar General, picking up my liter of Coca-Cola, grabbing a pack of menthol Kool cigarettes and come home to my 18 guitars. Playing my guitar and fooling around with music is a super stress relief from the trials and tribulations of daily living. Playing my 'gutbucket' blues and following the road map the good Lord has laid out for me."
Germaine Bazzle performed with Charlie Gabriel at the Toulouse Theatre in July 2023.
Photo by Sophia Germer / The Times-Picayune Germaine Bazzle, 91Jazz vocalist, educator
Photographer Rick Olivier captured this photo of Germaine Bazzle in 1988.
Photo provided by The Historic New Orleans Collection, Acc. No. 1988.72.4Germaine Bazzle's acclaim as a vocalist has over the years earned her deserved recognition as the "First Lady of Jazz" and "the grand dame of New Orleans jazz vocalists," as The Times-Picayune's Keith Spera wrote in 2022. But for Bazzle, performance was never an obligation.
"It was not a must," she says. "I had a job that I enjoyed very, very much."
Bazzle spent 50 years as an educator, mostly at Xavier Preparatory High School where she taught choir and music appreciation classes until her retirement in 2008. She also taught during the summers at the Louis Armstrong Summer Jazz Camp.
Teaching was her "main thing," her priority. But on stage at nights and at events like the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and French Quarter Fest, she has captivated audiences with her elegant stage presence, range and scat singing.
Bazzle grew up in the 7th Ward with a family full of pianists and began taking music lessons through Xavier University's Junior School of Music. After graduating from McDonogh 35, Bazzle pursued a degree in music education at Xavier, going on to teach first briefly at a school in Thibodaux and then at Xavier Prep.
At the same time, Bazzle was sharing stages with musicians like Ellis Marsalis Jr. (whom she met during classes at Xavier's junior music school), Johnny Vidacovich, Reginald Veal and other greats of New Orleans jazz. Although she only recorded a handful of times — including her live albums "Standing Ovation" and "Swingin' at Snug" — Bazzle's expert knowledge of the American Songbook and jazz classics has drawn audiences to her, especially during Jazz Fest.
"I've worked with what I consider the best jazz musicians New Orleans had to offer," Bazzle says. "That was like going to school for me, because I always learned something while working with them."
Since the beginning of the pandemic, Bazzle has increasingly eased back on live performances, and last year decided to only work one night a month. Earlier this year, she decided to retire.
"It comes a time when you have to face facts, and there are some facts you have to face with anything at any time," she says. "And I just decided it would be better for me if I just relax for the time being."
What is needed for a happy life?
"Do the best you can. Do the best you can at whatever it is that you're doing, and if you feel that you're not doing the best you can, go to the next thing. But the most important thing is how you personally feel."
Al 'Carnival Time' Johnson performs his famous song during a Kings Day celebration in 2019.
Photo by David Grunfeld / The Times-Picayune Al 'Carnival Time' Johnson, 84Singer, pianist, Carnival royalty
Al 'Carnival Time' Johnson in 1986
Photo provided by Al JohnsonAl Johnson ends his phone call with Gambit with an appropriate sign off: "And it's Carnival time all the time, and everybody's having fun!" he says before saying goodbye.
Johnson's song "Carnival Time" is today a Mardi Gras classic — and it has led to his own place as Mardi Gras royalty, reigning as Krewe du Vieux monarch in 2005 and Grand Marshal for Life for the Krewe of Red Beans. Beanlandia, the Krewe of Red Beans' new home in the Bywater, has a stage dedicated to the rhythm and blues pianist and singer.
Born in June 1939, Johnson originally took to the trumpet, but influenced by Fats Domino, he learned to play piano as well. In his teen years, Johnson and his friends would enter talent contests around town, and he would go on to join the R&B group the Twilighters on piano.
In 1956, at the age of 17, Johnson cut his first record, featuring "Ole Time Talkin'" and "If I've Done Wrong," and a couple of years later recorded his song "Lena" for Joe Ruffino's Ric Records — without a contract, a move that meant Johnson wouldn't financially benefit from his work, he told OffBeat in 2013.
In late 1959, Johnson entered Cosimo Matassa's studio — backed by Mac Rebennack on piano, bassist Placide Adams, guitarist Edgar Blanchard and Walter Lastie on drums — and recorded "Carnival Time," again for Ric Records. Saxophonists James Rivers, Lee Allen and Robert Parker provided the song's signature opening blast.
Initially overshadowed by Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo" in 1960, the song steadily picked up steam — and is now a staple of the Carnival season. Still, Johnson wouldn't see any royalties from his song until 1999 when, after a long court battle, he secured the rights to "Carnival Time."
Except for a stint in the Army in the early '60s, Johnson remained a steadfast player in the local R&B music scene, including regular appearances at Jazz Fest, and he was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2007. The following year, his "Lower Ninth Ward Blues" was featured in the movie "Rachel Getting Married."
"I have made some good music — I wasn't successful to make money with it too much, but I've made some good music," Johnson says.
What is needed for a happy life?
"Happiness for everybody is different. It's an individual thing. Some people need everything to be happy, and some people need only a few things. I'm happy helping other people be happy."
Deacon John Moore at his 80th birthday celebration at Gallier Hall in 2021, with Mayor LaToya Cantrell and Moore's brother, Charles.
Photo by Chris Granger / The Times-Picayune Deacon John Moore, 82Singer, guitarist, versatile bandleader
Deacon John Moore's guitar helped bring hundreds of New Orleans recordings to life. That's him on Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law," Aaron Neville's "Tell It Like It Is," Irma Thomas' "Ruler of My Heart," Lee Dorsey's "Working in the Coal Mine" and many, many others.
But his storied session work is only one part of the versatile musician's 65-year career. As a bandleader — often seen in a suit, bowtie and fedora — Moore has used his extensive repertoire to set the music for countless New Orleans events, from Carnival balls and social aid and pleasure club parties to weddings. He's also played every Jazz Fest since it started.
Moore grew up in the 8th Ward as one of 13 kids, and while he sang in the choir, he was attracted to rock 'n' roll — clandestinely listening to the radio through headphones — and learned to play guitar. He played as part of several groups at school dances and block parties before he joined the Ivories in the late-'50s. Alums of the group included Roger Lewis, James Booker, Zigaboo Modeliste and the Neville brothers.
Deacon John Moore in 1982 at an event at Tyler's on Magazine Street.
Photo by Michael P. Smith © The Historic New Orleans Collection, Acc. No. 2007.0103.4.858The Ivories started gigging around New Orleans as well as on the Chitlin' Circuit and secured a slot as a house band for the Dew Drop Inn. It was there that Allen Toussaint tugged on Moore's arm and asked him to play on a few sessions. That question led him to working with Toussaint, Dave Bartholomew, Wardell Quezergue and numerous others recording songs for Minit Records.
Though he hasn't had his own hit song, Moore has released several recordings over the years, including his 1990 album "Singer of Song" and 2003's "Deacon John's Jump Blues." In 1970, Moore was the first rock 'n' roll musician to perform with the then-New Orleans Symphony, and he's had a handful of roles on film and TV. Moore was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2008.
"All my life I've been hard to put a label on," Moore told Gambit in 2017. "Maybe it's best they don't have a label on me ... I was blessed with talent. I can sing my ass off, I can play guitar, I play the banjo. I'm an entertainer, and I've been able to sustain myself being an entertainer."
Roger Lewis performed with Charlie Gabriel at the Toulouse Theatre in July 2023.
Photo by Sophia Germer / The Times-Picayune Roger Lewis, 81Saxophonist, Dirty Dozen founding member
Dirty Dozen's Roger Lewis in the 1980s.
Photo by Michael P. Smith © The Historic New Orleans Collection, Acc. No. 2007.0103.4.336Roger Lewis was barely a teenager when he had his first professional gigs, joining a neighborhood band with Frederick Kemp. Those early days playing saxophone at bars and ballrooms around New Orleans, though, was just the beginning to an acclaimed, nearly-70-year career that's wound from performing with Fats Domino, Irma Thomas and numerous other New Orleans musicians to co-founding the influential Dirty Dozen Brass Band.
Growing up in New Orleans, Lewis' mother encouraged him to learn the piano, and through lessons he learned to read music. But around the time he was 10, his father gave him a saxophone — and that was it for the piano.
Lewis started to play around his neighborhood and became a stronger player through school programs, especially at Carter G. Woodson Junior High, where he learned from Mercedes Stamps and Harold Battiste. His education continued at George Washington Carver High and later at Grunewald School of Music and Southern University at New Orleans.
In the late-'50s, while still in high school, Lewis joined Deacon John Moore and the Ivories, cutting his teeth as a tenor saxophonist on the Chitlin' Circuit and at venues around New Orleans, including the Dew Drop Inn. And along with the Ivories, the '60s found Lewis gigging with singer Eddie Bo and Irma Thomas' band The Tornadoes. By the early '70s, Lewis had joined up with Fats Domino's band, replacing his tenor for a baritone sax, and traveled the country and Europe with the rock 'n' roller for years.
Lewis has spent more than half his life now in the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, which came together in 1977. Along with the brass band standards, the Dirty Dozen began injecting bebop, R&B, funk and popular songs into their second-line repertoire. It wasn't long before the band also began playing clubs, attracting everyone from Dizzy Gillespie and the Red Hot Chili Peppers to check them out while in New Orleans.
Across four and a half decades, the Dirty Dozen has played with David Bowie, Modest Mouse, Dave Matthews and Marvin Gaye. And this year, the band won its first Grammy Award for its work with Aaron Neville on the song "Stompin' Ground."
Despite his work with so many other musicians, Lewis released his debut album as a leader, "Alright!," just last year.
What is needed for a happy life?
"Doing the things that you enjoy doing. My thing is playing music. Try and make other people happy."
Irma Thomas at her home in 2021
Photo by Chris Granger / The Times-Picayune Irma Thomas, 82Soul Queen of New Orleans
Irma Thomas in December 1976
Photo by J.E. Bourgoyne / The Times-Picayune archiveIt may be difficult to overstate the place Irma Thomas has not only in New Orleans music history but in the city's heart. "Soul Queen of New Orleans" isn't a title given lightly — she's beloved, drawing crowds to virtually anything she does, like her rhythm and blues and gospel sets at Jazz Fest or her annual Mother's Day shows at Audubon Zoo. Really, there's enough adoration here to prompt two documentaries, "Irma: My Life in Music" and "Irma Thomas: The Soul Queen of New Orleans," just in the last couple of years.
And it's easy to understand why. Besides the first few years of her life (Thomas was born in Ponchatoula) and brief stints in California in the '70s and Gonzales after Hurricane Katrina and the federal levee failures destroyed her home, Thomas has lived her life in New Orleans. She helped shape the influential New Orleans R&B sound, especially through her work with Allen Toussaint and Minit Records.
And arguably, The Rolling Stones had their first U.S. Hit because of her: Thomas in early 1964 recorded "Time Is on My Side," and later that year, the Stones — known for mining R&B and blues for inspiration — broke the Billboard Top 10 with their version.
Thomas grew up singing with her church choir and loved to perform. When she was 19, she was working as a waitress and supporting four children, when singer Tommy Ridgley introduced her to producer Joe Ruffino. She recorded her first song "(You Can Have My Husband, but Please) Don't Mess with My Man," for Ruffino's Ron Records in 1959, and the song climbed the R&B charts.
By 1961, she began recording with Minit Records and often worked with Toussaint, resulting in many of her early classics, like "It's Raining" and "Ruler of My Heart." Thomas released her first LP, "Wish Someone Would Care," in 1964 and the title song became a national hit.
Despite a number of great records released over her career and two nominations, Thomas didn't win a Grammy Award until 2007 for her album "After the Rain." That same year, she was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.
What is needed for a happy life?
"I don't have a secret for a happy life because life is life and it's not always happy. There are good days and bad days. My faith keeps me growing and grounded."
Charlie Gabriel performs with Louis Ford during Charlie Gras, which celebrated Gabriel's birthday in 2023.
Photo by Sophia Germer / The Times-Picayune Charlie Gabriel, 91Saxophonist, clarinetist, chess player
Charlie Gabriel in the 1960s
Photo provided by Charlie GabrielCharlie Gabriel is never too far away from a chess board. The saxophonist and clarinetist often turns to the game during his spare time or while waiting for music to start at Preservation Hall, where he's the Jazz Band's senior member and the Foundation's musical director. He's eager to play anyone — and he's a patient strategist.
During the long, early days of the pandemic, Gabriel would often play chess with Pres Hall's Ben Jaffe. They would talk and play music, and one afternoon, while guitarist Joshua Starkman visited, the three musicians decided to record together. The collaboration led to "89," Gabriel's 2022 album released by Sub Pop. Featuring jazz standards as well as two originals, the album represents a lifetime of New Orleans music history.
Gabriel grew up in a house on Conti Street near North Galvez. He would become the fourth generation of New Orleans musicians, a lineage that goes back to the 1850s and his great-grandfather Narcisse Gabriel, a bass player. At just 11, Gabriel began playing clarinet with the Eureka Brass Band, and during World War II, he would substitute on gigs for musicians who were off fighting in the war. It was during that time, he played with and learned from players like Kid Sheik, Dominique "T-Boy" Remy and James "Kid" Clayton.
As a teenager, Gabriel moved to Detroit, and his experience helped him land a gig with Lionel Hampton's band. He later performed with Aretha Franklin's Orchestra in the early '70s as well as J.C. Heard, Joe Simon and Tony Bennett. He played New Orleans occasionally and decided to move back in 2009.
"It's one of those things: Music is your life, being a musician because all we do is talk about music," Gabriel told Gambit last year. "I used to have a phrase: Musical conversation cancels out complications. That's my little thing to try and learn something from one another. In another word, we talk about it, so we don't run into no problems."
What is needed for a happy life?
"Having a lovely, caring, and supportive wife [Marsha] has helped me through all that I've done. If it weren't for her support, I wouldn't be as healthy as I am either. I owe all of my achievements and my life to her."
Big Chief Monk Boudreaux and the Golden Eagles performed during the 2023 Jazz Fest.
Photo by Scott Threlkeld / The Times-Picayune Monk Boudreaux, 81Big Chief of the Golden Eagles, singer
Joseph Pierre 'Monk' Boudreaux, Chief of the Golden Eagles Mardi Gras Indian tribe, works on his new suit in this Michael P. Smith photo from 1974.
Photo by Michael P. Smith © The Historic New Orleans Collection, Acc. No. 2007.0103.2.78Last year, Monk Boudreaux, Big Chief of the Golden Eagles, received his first Grammy Award nomination, for his album "Bloodstains & Teardrops." That year's Best Regional Roots Music Album category was stacked with Louisiana artists, including, interestingly, Cha Wa's "My People," which featured Boudreaux's own son and second chief, Joseph Boudreaux Jr. Maybe all of the Louisiana musicians split the vote: Hawaii's Kalani Pe'a walked away with the award (although, Monk Boudreaux earned a best dressed nod from the Washington Post and other outlets).
The blues and reggae-focused "Bloodstains & Teardrops" was a departure for Boudreaux. The most senior Black Masking Indian and a living legend in the culture, Boudreaux is known for his work with Indian music, especially with his friend Bo Dollis and the Wild Magnolias. Starting in the '70s, together they not only helped spread Indian chants and traditions beyond the boundaries of New Orleans but pioneered the pivotal, electrified Mardi Gras Indian funk genre.
Boudreaux's father, Raymond, masked, and Monk from an early age learned to sew and about the culture's traditions during a time when Indians were too often harassed in the streets by police. In an important moment, Boudreaux and the Golden Eagles and Bo Dollis and the Wild Magnolias, along with the Black Eagles, were invited to appear at the inaugural Jazz Fest in 1970. And later that year, Boudreaux, Bo Dollis and the Wild Magnolias would enter a studio backed by musicians — including pianist Willie Tee, bassist George French and drummer Zigaboo Modeliste — to cut "Handa Wanda." It was the first time Indians had been recorded in such a way with a backing band.
Boudreaux would continue to work with the Wild Magnolias for 30 years, recording and touring the country with the group, before leaving in the early 2000s.
Along with releasing several solo albums, Boudreaux regularly performs on stage, whether backed by a full band or presenting traditional Indian music with the Golden Eagles, and he's raising up the next generation of Indian musicians: His son, Joseph Boudreaux, today fronts The Rumble, and his grandson, J'wan Boudreaux, has performed in the past with Cha Wa.
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Bariatric Surgery Linked To 25% Drop In Cancer Risk
Bariatric surgery may help lower the risk of cancer in people with severe obesity, according to new research.
The study, published in Obesity Tuesday, found that bariatric surgery is associated with a significantly lower risk of cancer and reduced cancer mortality, especially among women.
Prior research has identified a strong link between obesity and cancer. The National Cancer Institute lists obesity as a risk factor for cancer, citing that it increases the risk of death from cancer by 62% in women and 52% in men.
It's been less clear if and how voluntary weight loss impacts the risk of cancer.
The new findings add to growing evidence suggesting that weight-loss surgeries may play an important role in the prevention of cancer.
According to Dr. Anton Bilchik, MD, PhD, a surgical oncologist, chief of medicine, and Director of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Program at Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California, bariatric surgery is the most durable type of weight-loss, especially in people with severe obesity.
"This study suggests that it may reduce several cancer types that are hormonally-related such as breast cancer but also has an anti-inflammatory effect, which has been shown to be important in the development of several cancers," Bilchik told Healthline.
To better understand the association between weight loss and cancer, the researchers compared 38 years of health data of 21,827 people who had bariatric surgery, including gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenal switch, to people who did not have bariatric surgery.
The research team found that those who underwent bariatric surgery had a 25% lower risk of developing any type of cancer compared to the non-surgical group and a 37% reduced risk of obesity-related cancers.
The risk reduction was greatest among women.
Women who underwent bariatric surgery had a 41% lower risk for hormonally driven cancer, including breast, ovarian, uterine, and colon cancer.
The cancer risk for men who had bariatric surgery was not lower than the group that did not have surgery.
Cancer also appeared less deadly in those who'd had bariatric surgery.
Among female bariatric surgery patients, the cancer mortality rate was 47% lower compared to the non-surgical group of women.
Lastly, the report found that cancer is being detected at earlier stages.
"The results of the study strongly suggest not only is cancer being prevented (lower incidence) but cancer is being delayed (detected at earlier stages)," says the corresponding author of the study Ted D. Adams, PhD, MPH, a program director at Intermountain Health and an adjunct professor of internal medicine at the University of Utah.
For example, bariatric surgery patients may be more likely to participate in preventative cancer screenings and their results may be more accurate, the study suggests.
Being overweight is linked to a higher risk of developing 13 different types of cancer, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Excess weight can contribute to inflammation, high levels of insulin, and altered sex hormones.
Per the CDC, the risk of cancer increases with the more excess weight a person has or gains.
Research investigating the link between obesity and cancer states the mechanism of why obesity may cause cancer is complex and poorly understood.
Dr. Mir Ali, bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, says that obesity affects all organ systems in the body.
"Although the mechanism is not certain, obesity causes chronic inflammation, overproduction of insulin and other hormones that may stimulate abnormal cell growth," Ali said.
The researchers suggest there appear to be many long-term health benefits of bariatric surgery, including reduced tumor development, less inflammation, and improved hormonal function.
The fact that rates of hormonally-driven cancers, like breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer, dropped in women who had bariatric surgery suggests that hormones may play a big role in cancer risk reduction, according to Adams.
More research is needed to better understand why bariatric surgery has such a significant impact on the risk of developing and dying from cancer.
"Hopefully, mechanistic discovery will lead to improved treatment and perhaps detection of cancers," said Adams.
Bariatric surgery may help lower the risk of cancer in people with severe obesity, new research shows. People who had bariatric surgery had a 25% lower risk of developing any type of cancer and a 37% reduced risk of obesity-related cancers. The researchers suspect weight-loss surgery may combat the development of cancer by reducing inflammation, improving insulin resistance, and altering hormonal function.
Popular Weight Loss Drugs Ozempic And Wegovy May Cause Stomach Paralysis, Doctors Warn
Ozempic and Wegovy may "paralyze" stomach, doctors warn
Ozempic and Wegovy may "paralyze" stomach, doctors warn 00:32(CNN) -- Doctors are raising the alarm for those taking Ozempic and Wegovy for weight loss and diabetes after seeing some cases of stomach paralysis in patients who took the popular medications. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has gotten similar reports.
Ozempic and Wegovy both utilize the drug semaglutide, which mimics a natural hormone that slows the passage of food through the stomach, helping patients feel fuller longer.
RELATED: Ozempic side effects: Dangers of using diabetes drug for weight loss
Some doctors are concerned the drugs may cause or exacerbate stomach paralysis in some patients, which can lead to excessive vomiting.
The FDA said it has been unable to determine if the medications were the cause or if it may have been caused by a different issue.
More research is needed.
Novo Nordisk, the maker of Ozempic and Wegovy, said drugs in this class have been used safely for years to treat diabetes and obesity.
ALSO SEE: Ozempic and suicide: European regulations expand investigation into risks of popular weight-loss medications
The company said the medications have been extensively studied in the real world and in clinical trials, and that the majority of gastro-intestinal side effects for semaglutide are mild to moderate, and of short duration.
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